1)Ions are charged particles.
2)Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
3)Atoms lose or gain electrons in order to achieve a noble gas configuration.
4)Metal atoms lose their valence electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration.A positive ion(Cation) is formed.
For Example:
Group I metals lose one valence electron to form ions with charge+1.
Na(2.8.1)---> Na+(2.8)
K (2.8.8.1)--->K+(2.8.8)
6)Non-metal atom gain electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration .A negative ion(Anion)is formed.
For Example:
Group VI non-metals gain two electrons to form ions with charge-2.
O(2.6)--->O^2-(2.8)
S(2.8.6)-->S^2-(2.8.8)
IONIC BONDING
1)Ionic bonds are formed between metal atoms and non-metal atoms.
2)A transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom enables both to achieve a stable noble gas configuration.
3)The resulting oppositely-charged ions then attract each other via Strong Electrostatic Forces Of Attraction.
Sodium and chlorine are the best examples to illustrate how elements form compounds.
Notice how sodium is just one electron more from being stable? and that chlorine is just one electron less from being stable?
Look below and see that when sodium and chlorine atoms bump together, their outer orbits' electron will react with each other.
The positive chlorine nucleus is stronger, so, it is able to pull the loosely held sodium electron into it's orbits.
The transfer of an electron from the metallic sodium to a non-metallic chlorine rewulted in a new structure for both atoms. Sodium has given up one electron, and chlorine accepted it. Now, the arrangement of the atoms are stable, but it no longer has a structure of a neutral atom.
Both the Na and Cl particles are ions, because they each have an electrical charge. They are attracted to each other because of their opposite charges. This force of attraction between + and - ions is called an ionic bond. If an atoms gains electrons, it has a negative charge and tends to be non-metal. However, if an atom loses electrons, it has a positive charge and are usually metallic. It is the attraction between positive sodium ions (Na+1) and negative chloride ions (Cl-1) that holds the new compound together! Therefore, Sodium chloride is called an ionic compound, because it is made up of ions and held together by ionic bonds.
Properties Of Ionic Compounds
1)Ionic Compounds have high melting and boiling points.
-The oppositely-charged ions are held together by very strong electrostatic forces of attraction which requires a lot of energy to overcome.
-Therefore,ionic compounds are difficult to melt.The ability to withstand high temperatures makes ionic compounds(e.g. Magnesium Oxide) suitable for use as lining in furnaces.
2)Ionic Compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state;It only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water.
-In the solid state,the ions are bonded together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction and can only vibrate about a fixed position.The ions cannot move freely to conduct electricity.
-In the molten or aqueous state,the ions are free to move and carry an electric current.
3)Ionic Compounds readily dissolve in water but do not dissolve in organic solvents.
-Ions are readily hydrated by water but not by organic solvent
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